Intelligent Data Centres Issue 19 | Page 22

INDUSTRY INTELLIGENCE POWERED BY THE DCA This rapid growth was of course enabled by concurrent development and expansion of the data centre industry, which will continue throughout the coming decade. Looking forward to 2030, if these changes as well as others are instigated, the potential for positive economic, environmental and social impacts deriving from a sectoral Circular Economy are considerable. and increase prices, which will adversely affect the data centre industry. Current anecdotal evidence also indicates that the component supply chain has been disrupted due to the COVID-19 pandemic at a time when reliance on data services is even more significant than usual. These factors in conjunction with increasingly rapid equipment refresh rates, predicted sectoral growth and dependence on digital technology highlight the importance of developing an alternative to the linear cradle-to-grave approach, namely a cradle-to-cradle approach; the Deborah Andrews, London South Bank University Circular Economy. While the first three product life stages are the same as those in the Linear Economy – take resources, make products, use products – at endof-life, materials are not disposed of as waste, they are recycled and reclaimed for use in the next generation of products, creating a closed loop. In addition to recycling, a Circular Economy includes strategies and practices, which simultaneously reduce waste, extend product life and increase resource efficiency. These practices form the waste hierarchy in which value declines with each strategy/process as follows: • Reduce embodied materials and energy without compromising performance • Reuse second life market for products ‘as is’ • Repair / re-manufacture second life market for products that have replacement and/or component upgrades and are ‘as good as new’ • Recycle at end-of-life to keep materials in the value stream for as long as possible • Energy from waste if recycling isn’t possible • Disposal in a non-hazardous process if there is no other option Developing a Circular Economy for the sector is possible but is incredibly challenging and involves rethinking many strategies and processes, starting with design. At present, approximately 70% of the environmental impact of a product is determined during the design phase and as stated above, many data centre products have been designed without particular consideration of end-of-life which makes refurbishment of many products and components technically difficult at best and impossible at worst. The same is true for recycling and, as a result, materials reclamation is also limited; this is exacerbated by user behaviour because of concern about data security and many users insist on component shredding rather than data sanitisation via software-based and degaussing processes for example. CRM can be reclaimed from shreds through heat and chemical-based procedures but the reclamation process for one individual material usually destroys others and consequently, 100% reclamation from shreds is impossible at present. Changes to design and manufacture should facilitate disassembly, separation, refurbishment and recycling, which will support development of a sectoral Circular Economy. For example, development of a sectorspecific infrastructure for closed-loop recycling and reclamation of materials (with emphasis on CRMs and Conflict Minerals) for the European data centre industry will reduce export and the environmental impact of ocean transport. Although this will localise pollution from road vehicles initially, it will decrease with the use of more ultra-low and zero-emission vehicles in Europe. Investment in recycling processes and infrastructure will positively accelerate their development, which will be economically beneficial as throughput increases and plants expand. Although an increasing demand for materials may increase landfill mining, higher 22 Issue 19 www.intelligentdatacentres.com