F E A T U R E

processes remove impurities, minimise scaling and reduce corrosion risks, all of which contribute to operational efficiency. Cooling systems are essential for maintaining optimal temperatures in data centres and are the largest consumers of water. Effective process treatment ensures these systems operate efficiently while minimising their environmental impact. Innovations such as highefficiency reverse osmosis( RO) systems, which offer variable power consumption, and chemical-free technologies like electrodeionisation( EDI), reduce water and energy usage simultaneously.

As data centres scale up, managing wastewater becomes increasingly critical. Traditional wastewater disposal methods are not only costly but also environmentally unsustainable. Zero liquid discharge( ZLD) systems offer a transformative solution, treating effluent to recover water for reuse within the facility. Additionally, the integration of reuse and recycling systems can further reduce reliance on freshwater resources. For example, non-potable water from external sources, such as treated effluent from nearby industrial sites, can be pretreated and introduced into the cooling process, thereby reducing the total local water demand – a concern we are already seeing across the UK in the wake of Labour’ s announcement regarding the first AI growth zone in Oxfordshire.

Meeting the challenges of scale

The unprecedented growth in computing power and AI adoption necessitates water treatment systems that can scale effectively without compromising sustainability. This issue is complex and calls for a combination of advanced technology, innovative system design and strategic resource management.

Scalability begins with custom-designed water treatment systems that address the unique requirements of each data centre. Factors such as local water quality, facility size and cooling system specifications must be considered to ensure optimal performance. Bespoke solutions provide the flexibility needed to adapt to future growth.

What solutions are already out there ensure the sector grows sustainably

Beyond meeting immediate operational needs, water treatment systems must also align with broader sustainability objectives.

High-efficiency systems

High-efficiency water treatment systems play a key role in reducing both water and energy consumption. Variable power RO systems, for instance, adjust their energy usage based on realtime demand, minimising waste and operational costs. Similarly, chemical-free technologies like EDI eliminate the need for hazardous chemicals, reducing both environmental impact and the complexity of operations.

Predictive performance analytics

Data-driven decision making is key to maintaining efficiency at scale. Predictive performance analytics, powered by trending programs and Machine Learning algorithms, enable data centre operators to monitor system performance in real-time. These tools identify potential inefficiencies, predict maintenance

Chris Payne, Co-founder and Director of PureTec Separations

needs and provide actionable insights to optimise water use – ensuring that systems remain robust and efficient as demand increases.

Water reuse and recycling

Reuse and recycling systems allow data centres to significantly reduce their reliance on freshwater resources. Treated wastewater can be repurposed for various applications, including cooling and cleaning, creating a closedloop system that minimises water waste. ZLD systems take this concept further by treating all wastewater to recover usable water, leaving no liquid waste to discharge.

Using alternative water sources

Diversifying water sources is another effective strategy for improving sustainability. Non-freshwater sources, such as seawater or brackish water, can be treated using advanced desalination technologies and incorporated into data centre operations. Similarly, effluent from other industrial or municipal processes can be pretreated and reused, reducing the strain on local water supplies.

Preparing for the future

The rapid pace of technological advancement presents both challenges and opportunities for data centres. As AI continues to drive demand, the need for efficient and sustainable water treatment solutions will only grow. By embracing innovative technologies and

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